Becoming an accountant opens doors to a stable, rewarding career with excellent growth potential. Whether you’re a high school student planning your future, a college student choosing a major, or a professional considering a career change, this comprehensive guide will walk you through every step of becoming an accountant in 2025.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of accountants and auditors is projected to grow 4% from 2022 to 2032, with median annual wages of $79,880 as of May 2024.
Table of Contents
Overview: What Does an Accountant Do?
Accountants are financial professionals who help individuals and organizations manage their finances, ensure compliance with tax laws, and make informed business decisions. Their responsibilities extend far beyond “number crunching” to include strategic planning, risk assessment, and financial advisory services.
View Accounting and CPA Requirements by State
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Core Responsibilities of Accountants
Day in the Life: Sarah Chen, CPA
“As a senior accountant at a mid-sized firm, my days are diverse and challenging,” shares Sarah Chen, who earned her CPA license five years ago. “Monday might involve preparing quarterly reports for a client, Tuesday could be spent analyzing cost-saving opportunities, and by Wednesday, I’m meeting with business owners to discuss their expansion plans. The variety keeps the work engaging, and knowing I’m helping businesses thrive is incredibly rewarding.”
Educational Pathways to Accounting
Your journey to becoming an accountant typically begins with formal education. While requirements vary by state and career goals, here’s a comprehensive breakdown of educational pathways.
High School Preparation
Start building your foundation early with these strategic course selections:
Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting
A bachelor’s degree in accounting is the standard entry point for the profession. Most programs require 120 credit hours and take four years to complete. Here’s what to expect:
Core Curriculum Components
- Foundation Courses (30-40 credits): Financial accounting, managerial accounting, cost accounting
- Advanced Accounting (20-30 credits): Auditing, taxation, accounting information systems
- Business Core (30-40 credits): Finance, economics, business law, management
- General Education (30-40 credits): Liberal arts, sciences, communication
Alternative Pathways
Not everyone follows the traditional four-year path. Here are viable alternatives:
1. Associate Degree + Bachelor’s Completion
Start with a two-year associate degree in accounting at a community college, then transfer to a four-year institution. This path can save thousands in tuition while providing the same end result.
2. Online Accounting Programs
Accredited online programs offer flexibility for working professionals. Look for programs accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
3. Career Change Programs
Post-baccalaureate certificate programs help professionals with non-accounting degrees transition into the field in 12-18 months.
Master’s Degree Considerations
A Master of Accountancy (MAcc) or MBA with an accounting concentration offers several advantages:
- Meets the 150-credit hour requirement for CPA licensure in most states
- Provides specialized knowledge in areas like forensic accounting or taxation
- Enhances career advancement opportunities
- Typically adds $10,000-$15,000 to starting salaries
CPA Licensing and Certifications
While not all accountants become Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), this credential significantly enhances career prospects and earning potential.
CPA Requirements Overview
The CPA Exam Journey
The Uniform CPA Examination consists of four sections:
- Auditing and Attestation (AUD): 4 hours, focuses on auditing procedures and professional responsibilities
- Business Environment and Concepts (BEC): 4 hours, covers business operations and economic concepts
- Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR): 4 hours, tests knowledge of financial accounting standards
- Regulation (REG): 4 hours, covers taxation and business law
Success Tip: Most successful CPA candidates dedicate 300-400 hours of study time and pass all sections within 18 months.
Alternative Certifications
Consider these specialized certifications to enhance your expertise:
Essential Skills for Accountants
Modern accounting requires a blend of technical expertise and soft skills. Here’s what employers seek:
Technical Skills
- Software Proficiency: Excel (advanced), QuickBooks, SAP, Oracle, tax preparation software
- Data Analytics: SQL, Tableau, Power BI for financial analysis
- Regulatory Knowledge: GAAP, tax codes, SOX compliance
- Financial Modeling: Forecasting, budgeting, scenario analysis
Soft Skills That Set You Apart
Future-Ready Skills
As technology transforms accounting, these emerging skills become crucial:
- Artificial Intelligence: Understanding AI applications in accounting automation
- Blockchain: Knowledge of distributed ledger technology for auditing
- Cybersecurity: Protecting financial data and systems
- Advisory Mindset: Shifting from compliance to strategic advisory roles
Career Paths and Specializations
Accounting offers diverse career paths across industries. Here are the primary routes:
Public Accounting
Working for accounting firms serving multiple clients:
- Big Four Firms (Deloitte, PwC, EY, KPMG): Prestigious start, extensive training, fast-paced environment
- Regional Firms: Better work-life balance, diverse client exposure, faster advancement
- Local Firms: Community focus, personal client relationships, entrepreneurial opportunities
Corporate Accounting
In-house positions within companies:
Specialized Fields
Forensic Accounting
Investigate financial crimes, work with law enforcement, and provide expert testimony. Requires additional training in investigation techniques and legal procedures.
Tax Accounting
Specializing in tax planning, compliance, and strategy for individuals or businesses. High demand during tax season with potential for independent practice.
Government Accounting
Work for federal, state, or local governments, ensuring public fund accountability. Offers job security, work-life balance, and public service opportunities.
Nonprofit Accounting
Manage finances for charitable organizations, requiring knowledge of fund accounting and grant management.
Accountant Salary Expectations
Accounting salaries vary significantly based on location, experience, industry, and credentials. Here’s what you can expect:
National Salary Overview
Top Paying States for Accountants
Industry Variations
Certain industries consistently pay above the national average:
- Securities and Financial Investments: $104,000 average
- Information Technology: $97,000 average
- Management of Companies: $95,000 average
- Insurance Carriers: $88,000 average
- Government (Federal): $86,000 average
May 2024 Bureau of Labor Statistics salary data for Accountants and Auditors reflect state and national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed June 2025.
Getting Started: Your Action Plan
Ready to begin your accounting career? Follow this strategic timeline:
If You’re in High School
- Take advanced math and business courses
- Join business clubs or DECA
- Seek internships at local accounting firms
- Research accredited accounting programs
If You’re in College
- Declare accounting as your major by the sophomore year
- Join accounting societies (Beta Alpha Psi, AICPA Student Membership)
- Complete internships each summer
- Network with professors and professionals
- Plan for 150 credit hours if pursuing CPA
If You’re Changing Careers
- Evaluate your transferable skills
- Research online accounting programs or certificate options
- Connect with local CPA societies
- Consider starting with bookkeeping to gain experience
- Create a realistic timeline for education and licensing
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to become an accountant?
Typically 4 years for a bachelor’s degree, which qualifies you for entry-level positions. Add 1-2 years for a master’s degree and another 1-2 years to complete CPA requirements, including passing the exam and gaining experience.
Can I become an accountant without a CPA license?
Yes! Many successful accountants work without CPA licenses. However, CPAs generally earn 10-15% more and have access to more senior positions. Non-CPA accountants can work in corporate accounting, bookkeeping, and many government positions.
What’s the difference between an accountant and a bookkeeper?
Bookkeepers handle day-to-day financial record-keeping, while accountants analyze financial data, prepare complex reports, provide tax advice, and offer strategic financial guidance. Accountants typically need a bachelor’s degree, while bookkeepers may enter the field with an associate degree or certificate.
Is accounting being replaced by automation?
While automation is changing accounting, it’s creating new opportunities rather than eliminating jobs. Modern accountants spend less time on data entry and more time on analysis, strategy, and advisory services. The profession is evolving to focus on higher-value activities that require human judgment and expertise.
What’s the best accounting specialization for job security?
Tax accounting, forensic accounting, and audit services offer strong job security due to regulatory requirements and the need for human expertise. Additionally, accountants who develop skills in data analytics, cybersecurity, and advisory services are well-positioned for the future.
How much math do I need to know for accounting?
Accounting requires solid arithmetic and basic algebra skills rather than advanced mathematics. More important than complex math is attention to detail, analytical thinking, and the ability to interpret financial data. Most calculations are performed using software.
Ready to start your accounting career? Explore accredited accounting programs in your area or learn more about preparing for the CPA exam.
